How to make learning stick: insights from cognitive science
Welcome to the age of information overload, where learning has become a necessary survival skill. With the rapid advancement of technology, there is a constant need to acquire new knowledge and skills. However, have you ever attended a seminar, read a book, or watched a tutorial, only to forget most of what you learned after a few days? If the answer is yes, then you are not alone. Retaining information is a common struggle for many, but fear not, as cognitive science has some insights that can help us make learning stick. In this article, we will delve into the science behind learning and explore some practical tips and strategies to improve retention and make learning a more effective and enjoyable process.
The Basics of Learning and Memory
What is learning?
Learning is defined as the acquisition of new knowledge, skills, behaviors, and attitudes. It involves the process of taking in new information, organizing and interpreting it, and ultimately storing it in our memory for later use. There are various types of learning, including explicit (conscious) and implicit (unconscious) learning, but the primary focus of this article will be on explicit learning, as it is the most commonly used for academic and professional growth.
What is memory?
Memory is the retention and recollection of information that has been learned. It involves the storage and retrieval of information, and it is essential for learning to stick. Our memory has three stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of taking in new information, storage is maintaining and organizing the information, and retrieval is accessing the information when needed.
How does memory work?
The process of memory involves various parts of the brain, including the hippocampus (responsible for encoding and consolidating memory), the frontal lobe (involved in working memory), and the temporal lobe (involved in long-term memory). It also involves the neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and noradrenaline, that play a role in strengthening and consolidating memories. In short, memory is a complex and dynamic process that requires active participation and effort on our part.
Insights from Cognitive Science
1. Use variety and context
Incorporating variety and context in learning can help make information more memorable. Our brain is designed to pay attention to novelty and unique experiences, so using different methods and techniques to learn can improve retention. For example, instead of solely relying on reading, try incorporating visual aids, hands-on activities, group discussions, and real-life examples. Utilizing different contexts, such as practicing in different locations, can also help make connections and strengthen associations in our memory.
2. Practice retrieval
To strengthen our memory, we need to practice retrieving information frequently. This means trying to recall information without looking at notes or referring to resources. The process of retrieval strengthens memory traces and improves our ability to recall information in the future. A helpful tip is to use flashcards or quizzes to practice retrieving information regularly.
3. Use spaced repetition
Spaced repetition is a learning technique that involves reviewing information at spaced intervals. This method is based on the idea that we remember information better when we review it multiple times with breaks in between, rather than cramming all at once. This can be a more effective way of learning and retaining information in the long run.
4. Make connections
Our brain loves to make connections and associate new information with what we already know. Making connections between new and existing knowledge can help to reinforce new memories and make them more meaningful. For example, if you are learning a new language, try connecting new words to objects, people or experiences you are already familiar with.
In Conclusion
Learning is a lifelong process, and with the right strategies and techniques, we can improve our ability to retain information and make it stick. It is essential to understand the basics of learning and memory and utilize these insights from cognitive science to make learning more effective and enjoyable. By incorporating variety and context, practicing retrieval, using spaced repetition, and making connections, we can all become better learners and excel in our personal and professional growth.
